DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
BOARD FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS
Application for the Correction of
the Coast Guard Record of:
BCMR Docket No. 2004-078
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx
FINAL DECISION
AUTHOR: Andrews, J.
This proceeding was conducted according to the provisions of section 1552 of
title 10 and section 425 of title 14 of the United States Code. The BCMR docketed this
case on March 12, 2004, upon receipt of the applicant’s completed application.
members who were designated to serve as the Board in this case.
This final decision, dated January 27, 2005, is signed by the three duly appointed
RELIEF REQUESTED
The applicant, a lieutenant commander (LCDR; pay grade O-4) in the Coast
Guard Reserve, asked the Board to correct his date of rank (DOR) as a lieutenant (LT; O-
3) from September 30, 1998, to March 27, 1997, which, he alleged, was the date he
received his commission as a law specialist with the rank of lieutenant (junior grade)
(LTJG; O-2). He also asked that his DOR as a LCDR be backdated accordingly and that
he be awarded all backpay and allowances he would be due as a result of such correc-
tions.
APPLICANT’S ALLEGATIONS
The applicant alleged that on March 27, 1997, he received a direct commission as
a LTJG law specialist. He alleged that according to 14 U.S.C. § 727, which grants newly
appointed attorneys three years of constructive service, he should have been commis-
sioned as a LT. He alleged that the Coast Guard acknowledged this fact in April 2001
and “attempted to rectify its mistake by adjusting [his] then DOR to Sep[tember] 1998;
however, the proper remedy would have been to adjust [his] DOR to [his] initial date of
commission.” He pointed out that the Coast Guard has renewed its practice of commis-
sioning law specialists as lieutenants with concurrent DORs.
In support of his allegations, the applicant submitted a copy of a letter from the
Coast Guard Personnel Command (CGPC) dated April 27 2001, to another Reserve
direct commission law specialist. The letter states the following:
1.
In accordance with [14 U.S.C. § 727] a Reserve officer appointed for the purpose
of assignment or designation as a law specialist shall be credited with a minimum of
three years service in an active status. As explained in [a letter from the Chief Counsel
dated April 23, 2001], upon appointment in the Coast Guard as a lieutenant (junior
grade) you were inadvertently credited with only 18 months in an active status as a result
of an administrative error. Your date of rank is being adjusted to reflect a total of three
years service in an active status upon commissioning. The correction will be made prior
to the promotion year 2002 board season, which starts 1 July 2001. You are authorized
any back pay and allowances due as a result of this correction.
2.
Although the correction will be applied uniformly, it will affect officers in differ-
ent ways, depending on their status. Some officers will be in zone for the next scheduled
selection board sooner than anticipated. Those officers must go before the board. Some
officers will have missed the selection board for which they should have been eligible.
Those officers will compete in the next scheduled board and if selected, will receive back
DOR’s as if they had been selected the year they should have been eligible. Some officers
have been selected for lieutenant but not yet promoted. Those officers will be given new
back DOR’s for lieutenant (junior grade) and subsequently, will also receive back DOR’s
for lieutenant. Some officers will merely be 18 months closer to their next selection board
and the correction will have little impact.
3.
You were commissioned in the Coast Guard Reserve as a lieutenant (junior
grade) with a DOR of [April 26, 1999]. In order to reflect a total of three years service in
an active status, your DOR will be adjusted to [October 26, 1997]. This adjustment would
have placed you in zone for promotion to lieutenant in September 1999. Your record will
appear before the lieutenant selection board in September 2001. If selected, your LT DOR
will be [October 26, 2000] which it would have been had you been selected by the lieu-
tenant selection board held in September 1999.
The correction of this administrative error is an entitlement, which cannot be
4.
refused or delayed. …
SUMMARY OF THE RECORD
On March 31, 1997, the applicant accepted a commission and signed an oath of
office to become a LTJG (O-2) in the Reserve. On the same day, he signed a four-year
extended active duty contract. He had prior military service in several branches of the
Armed Forces and had been discharged from the Army Reserve as a First Lieutenant
(O-2) the day before, March 30, 1997. From March 31, 1997, to June 12, 1998, he served
as a “staff attorney” in the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
From June 13, 1998, to July 31, 1999, the applicant served as defense counsel for
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. On July 16, 1998, CGPC informed
him that he had been designated a “law specialist.”
From August 1, 1999, to March 31, 2001, the applicant again served in the xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx. In 1999, he was selected for promotion, and on March 31, 2000, three
years after receiving his commission, he was promoted to LT (O-3). On March 31, 2001,
having completed his four-year contract, the applicant was released to inactive duty.
Thereafter, the applicant spent six months in the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR),
before entering the Selected Reserve (SELRES), in which he currently drills. His record
shows that his DOR as a LTJG was backdated 18 months from the date of his commis-
sioning, March 31, 1997, to September 30, 1995, and his DOR as a LT was adjusted by 18
months, from March 31, 2000, to September 30, 1998. He was selected for promotion to
LCDR in 2003 and promoted to that rank on August 1, 2004.
VIEWS OF THE COAST GUARD
On July 20, 2004, the Judge Advocate General (TJAG) of the Coast Guard submit-
ted an advisory opinion recommending that the Board deny the applicant’s request.
TJAG attached and adopted a memorandum on the case prepared by CGPC.
CGPC stated that the applicant received his commission as a LTJG on March 31,
1997, under the Coast Guard Direct Commission Law (DCL) Specialist Program. CGPC
stated that on April 23, 2001, the Chief Counsel sent a memorandum to all law special-
ists and attorney-advisors “acknowledg[ing] administrative error in accessing direct
commission attorneys in the rank of LTJG, specifically acknowledging that these law
specialists were due an additional 18 months of contractive active service credit.” In
response, CGPC adjusted the date of rank of all affected officers “to reflect a total of
three years service in an active status upon commissioning.” Therefore, the applicant’s
“DOR as a LTJG was adjusted from 31 Mar 1997 to 30 Jun 1995 to reflect a total of three
years service in an active status” and his “DOR as LT was adjusted from 31 Mar 2000 to
30 Sep 1998.” He received backpay and allowances accordingly.
CGPC stated that Article 4.D.5. of COMDTINST M1100.2D, the Recruiting Man-
ual then in effect, provided that the DCL program was “intended to commission quali-
fied law school graduates in the Coast Guard Reserve as LTJG (pay grade O-2) to serve
at major commands such as district offices.” CGPC noted that Article 4.D.5.b.
“oblige[d] DCL applicants who have been admitted to the bar to serve a minimum of
four years on active duty.”
CGPC stated that the three years of constructive service credit awarded under
14 U.S.C. § 727 (1997) “[did] not entitle a candidate to appointment as a LT. Rather, it
enable[d] the service to assign the member to a precedence on the promotion list three
years ahead of where that officer would have otherwise stood had they [sic] not been
recruited specifically to serve as law specialists.”
CGPC stated that the applicant was initially credited with 18 months of con-
structive service when he received his commission on March 31, 1997. The administra-
tive error acknowledged by the Chief Counsel in April 2001 meant that the applicant’s
DOR “upon initial appointment should have been equivalent to the precedence of a
LTJG with 18 months of service.” Therefore, the applicant’s DOR as a LTJG was back-
dated by 18 months to September 30, 1995. CGPC stated that, had the applicant origi-
nally received this DOR, “he would have been placed in zone for consideration for
promotion to LT in September 1997.” Backdating his DOR as a LT to September 30,
1998, “not only awarded the additional 18 months constructive active service credit
required, but also reflected the appropriate date of rank had Applicant competed on the
LT selection board in September 1997.”
APPLICANT’S RESPONSE TO THE VIEWS OF THE COAST GUARD
On July 20, 2004, the BCMR sent the applicant a copy of the Chief Counsel’s
advisory opinion and invited him to respond within 30 days. The applicant requested
an extension of 22 days and responded on September 9, 2004.
The applicant argued that although 14 U.S.C. § 727 (1997) “[did] not specifically
indicate the rank of accession, the Coast Guard has resumed the correct interpretation
of this statute to mean that … one who is accessed thru the Direct Commission Lawyer
(DCL) program be commissioned in the rank of lieutenant. There is no other practical
means to apply the statute.” The applicant pointed out that in BCMR Docket No. 2002-
012, the Board acknowledged that “the constructive credit provision of 14 USC 727
comported with DCLs being appointed as lieutenants.”1
1 In BCMR Docket No. 2002-012, the applicant was already a Reserve officer with more than three years of
service when he became a law specialist. He argued that under 14 U.S.C. § 727, he was entitled to an
additional three years of constructive service credit. The Board denied his request, finding that under
14 U.S.C. § 727, only individuals appointed as law specialists were entitled to the credit, whereas the
applicant had been appointed an officer years before and did not resign his commission to be
reappointed as a law specialist. In finding 7 of the decision, the Board noted the following:
7. The Commandant, by delegation of the Secretary, issued COMDTINST 1131.23,
which addresses credit to be given for those receiving a direct appointment in the Coast
Guard. The regulation permitted law graduates to apply for a Reserve appointment at
the rank of lieutenant, thereby giving them active service credit for years they would
normally have spent in the grades of ensign and lieutenant junior grade. For these
officers, the instruction states that the date of rank for appointment under the DCL
program shall be the date of appointment. Neither the law nor the regulation requires
law specialists to be given credit for time already spent in the Reserve if reappointed
under the DCL program, and the applicant has not presented any law or regulation to
The applicant argued that COMDTINST M1100.2D, relied on by the Coast
Guard, did not go into effect until March 23, 1999, two years after his appointment. He
stated that “[a]rguably, COMDTINST 1131.23 with an effective date of January 6, 1993
was controlling because it was not officially cancelled. That instruction correctly
applied 14 USC 727 by appointing DCLs as lieutenants.” He noted that after acknowl-
edging its error in April 2001, the Coast Guard resumed the practice of commissioning
DCLs as lieutenants.
Furthermore, the applicant argued that the Coast Guard’s interpretation of the
statute is disingenuous and impractical as it “would result in an individual being com-
missioned a lieutenant junior grade and eligible for promotion review shortly upon
accession as a DCL.” The applicant argued that although the Coast Guard adjusted his
LT DOR back 18 months to September 30, 1998, the right correction would have been to
adjust it back to his date of commissioning, March 31, 1997. “By not doing so, the Coast
Guard in effect has allowed DCLs commissioned after [him] to be eligible for promotion
on a quicker timeline. The correct remedy would have made me eligible for [promotion
to LCDR] in 2002 vice 2003.”
The applicant also argued that the Coast Guard’s assertion that it did not dis-
cover the error until 2001 is erroneous because he himself formally communicated with
the Chief Counsel about the issue in 1998.
Finally, the applicant noted that he has already been promoted to LCDR. There-
fore, he asked only that his DOR as LCDR be backdated by one year to August 1, 2003,
to “reflect the fact that had the Coast Guard properly commissioned [him] initially [as a
LT], [he] would have been eligible for promotion to [LCDR] in 2003 vice 2004.” The
applicant stated that if the Board agrees with this proposition, he would forgo “any
claim to additional back pay as a lieutenant.”
APPLICABLE LAW
Title 14 U.S.C. § 727, titled “Constructive credit upon initial appointment,” states
that “[u]nder regulations prescribed by the Secretary, a person, appointed as a Reserve
officer, may be assigned a date of rank and precedence which reflects that person's
experience, education, or other qualifications. …. [A] person appointed for the purpose
of assignment or designation as a law specialist in the Reserve shall be credited with a
minimum of three years service in an active status.”2
the contrary. See Dock v. United States, 46 F.3d 1083, 1086 (Fed. Cir. 1995) (stating that
the “rights and benefits of a member of the military services, including pay and
allowances, are defined by statute”).
2 In 2004, the credit was reduced to one year. Pub. L. 108-293, Title II, § 208, 118 Stat. 1035 (Aug. 9, 2004).
Commandant Instruction 1131.23, which went into effect on January 6, 1993, con-
tained the regulations for the Coast Guard's direct commission programs. Paragraph
10.a. of the instruction concerns the direct commissioning of law school graduates as
lawyers in the Coast Guard Reserve and provides that “[u]nder this program, graduates
of accredited law schools may apply for appointment in the Coast Guard Reserve at the
rank of lieutenant. The date of rank shall be the date of appointment to commissioned
status in the Coast Guard Reserve.”
Paragraph 5.M.1.a. of Commandant Instruction M1100.2C, the Recruiting Man-
ual in effect in 1997,3 stated that “[q]ualified law school graduates are commissioned in
the Coast Guard Reserve as lieutenants to serve as lawyers.”
In 1994, COMDTINST 1131.23 was amended by a memorandum dated Septem-
ber 14, 1994, from the Chief of the Military Personnel Division to the Chief of the Office
of Personnel and Training, who approved a proposal to require DCLs to be commis-
sioned as LTJGs rather than LTs. This amendment was incorporated in the new
Recruiting Manual issued in 1999. The rationale for the amendment was attached in a
memorandum by the Chief Counsel dated August 18, 1994, who stated the following in
pertinent part:
1. Acting upon the recommendation of my Quality Management Board, I have con-
curred in a proposal to commission Direct Commission Lawyers (DCLs) as lieutenants
(junior grade) (OD) rather than full lieutenants (O3). This change in policy, should you
approve, would improve the DCL’s ability to compete with Academy and OCS officers
for promotion and operational assignments, the benefits of which will flow not only to
the DCLs, but to the Coast Guard as a whole.
2. Currently, DCLs first compete for promotion on a best-qualified basis (to O4) after
approximately 5 years [of] commissioned service. They compete primarily against offi-
cers with 9 years [of] commissioned service—a 4 year (8 OER) differential. In a few cases,
this has disadvantaged the DCL; more often it has created the perception of disadvan-
tage. Shifting the DCL accession grade to O2 would reduce the experience differential at
the first best-qualified promotion board (to O3) to only 18 months (3 OERs), thus mini-
mizing the DCLs’ disadvantage of not entering the service as Ensigns. DCLs also would
benefit from the higher stated opportunity for selection to O3 than O4.
3. Because DCLs now enter as O3’s, they compete for their second assignments after 4
years in service as senior O3’s likely to be promoted to O4 midway through that tour.
Consequently, they have seniority without experience, which disadvantages them in
seeking out of specialty operational assignments. And if, for whatever reason, they do
not obtain out of specialty second tour assignments, at the third tour point (mid-grade
O4) their seniority very nearly forecloses them from obtaining career-enhancing out for
specialty assignments. This situation would be alleviated by shifting the DCL accession
3 As alleged by the applicant, the version of the Recruiting Manual relied on by the Coast Guard,
COMDTINST M1100.2D, did not go into effect until 1999.
Grade In Which Serving
Lieutenant (junior grade)
Lieutenant
Length of Service [in Grade]
2 years [for eligibility for promotion to LT]
3 years [for eligibility for promotion to LCDR]
grade to O2. … DCLs would be starting their second assignments as brand new O3’s—
four years more junior than at present. Officers this junior should have no difficulty
obtaining assignment to O2 or O3 operational tours … .
Under Article 5.A.5. of the Personnel Manual, an ensign becomes eligible for
promotion to the grade of LTJG after completing 1 year of active duty as an ensign.
The ensign must be selected by a “fully qualified” selection board and the selection
must be approved by the Commandant. Article 5.A.5.f.1. provides that following
selection by the first board to review his record “an ensign eligible for promotion may be
promoted to lieutenant (junior grade) without regard to vacancies on the day after he or
she completes 18 months of active service.”
Under Article 5.A.4.a. of the Personnel Manual, an officer “becomes eligible for
consideration for promotion to the next higher grade at the beginning of the promotion
year in which he or she completes the following amount of service computed from date
of rank in the grade in which serving:
Under Article 5.A.4.g.4. of the Personnel Manual, promotions for LTJGs selected
for LT are effected as follows:
a. After Selection by First Board. A lieutenant (junior grade) eligible for promotion may be
promoted to the grade of lieutenant without regard to vacancies on the day after com-
pleting 36 months of service in grade.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
The Board makes the following findings and conclusions on the basis of the
applicant's military record and submissions, the Coast Guard's submissions, and appli-
cable law:
1.
The Board has jurisdiction concerning this matter pursuant to section 1552
of title 10 of the United States Code. The application was timely.
2.
The applicant requested an oral hearing before the Board. The Chair, act-
ing pursuant to 33 C.F.R. § 52.31, denied the request and recommended disposition of
the case without a hearing. The Board concurs in that recommendation.
Title 14 U.S.C. § 727 provides that “a person appointed for the purpose of
assignment or designation as a law specialist in the Reserve shall be credited with a
minimum of three years service in an active status.” The applicant and the Coast Guard
have indicated that he was appointed for the purpose of assignment or designation as a
law specialist, and the record indicates that he was in fact designated a law specialist.
3.
4.
6.
5.
Therefore, under the statute, upon his commissioning in 1997, he should have been
credited with three years of active service. The record indicates that in 2001, the Chief
Counsel of the Coast Guard determined that the applicant and certain colleagues had
only been credited with 18 months of active service upon commissioning. Therefore,
they were credited with an additional 18 months of active service. The applicant, who
had been commissioned on March 31, 1997, had his DOR as a LTJG backdated to Sep-
tember 30, 1995, and his DOR as a LT backdated to September 30, 1998. In addition, the
Coast Guard has apparently resumed the practice of commissioning law specialists in
the rank of LT.
The applicant alleged that according to regulation, he should have been
commissioned as a LT. However, the record indicates that in 1994, with the Chief
Counsel’s approval, the Chief of the Office of Personnel and Training amended
COMDTINST 1131.23 to have new law specialists commissioned as LTJGs in order to
enhance their competitiveness for out-of-specialty assignments and subsequent “best
qualified” promotions. Therefore, the applicant’s appointment as a LT did not violate
the regulation.
The applicant alleged that under 14 U.S.C. § 727, he was entitled to be
commissioned as a LT. However, as the Coast Guard argued, the statute only requires
an award of three years of constructive active service credit. Under Article 5.A.5.f.1. of
the Personnel Manual, an officer must have served as an ensign for at least 18 months
before he can be promoted to LTJG. Under Article 5.A.4.g.4. an officer must serve as a
LTJG for at least 36 months before being promoted to LT. Therefore, officers who have
exactly three years (36 months) of active service are normally officers who (a) have
been LTJGs for 18 months; (b) under Article 5.A.4.a., will soon be considered for
promotion by a LT selection board; and (c) even if selected, must remain LTJGs for
another 18 months. The Board finds that the applicant has not proved by a
preponderance of the evidence that the language in 14 U.S.C. § 727 entitled him in
1997 to be commissioned as a LT.
The applicant has not proved that the Coast Guard violated 14 U.S.C.
§ 727 or its own regulations in commissioning him as a LTJG in 1997. The Board, how-
ever, is not limited to correcting legal errors in members’ records, but may also remove
injustices. “Injustice” is “treatment by the military authorities that shocks the sense of
justice, but is not technically illegal.”4 The applicant complained that the Coast Guard
has committed an injustice in refusing to backdate his DOR as a LT to his date of com-
missioning because law specialists commissioned before 1994 and after April 2001 have
been commissioned as LTs. He argued that “the Coast Guard in effect has allowed
DCLs commissioned after [him] to be eligible for promotion on a quicker timeline.”
4 See Reale v. United States, 208 Ct. Cl. 1010,1011 (1976); Decision of the Deputy General Counsel, BCMR
Docket No. 2001-043.
7.
8.
It is true that, under Article 5.A.4.a. of the Personnel Manual, DCLs com-
missioned as LTs become eligible5 for selection for promotion to LCDR within three
years of commissioning—much sooner than the applicant and his colleagues who were
commissioned as LTJGs. However, as shown in the Chief Counsel’s memorandum of
August 18, 1994, being commissioned as a LT may have significant drawbacks and
negative consequences for an officer’s career. DCLs who, like the applicant, were com-
missioned as LTJGs between 1994 and 2001 may well have reaped the potential benefits
outlined in that memorandum. Although the Chief Counsel apparently concluded in
2001 that the needs of the Service were best served by commissioning DCLs as LTs, this
does not prove that the Coast Guard committed an injustice by correcting its 1997 error
(in awarding him only 18 months of constructive service upon commissioning) by
awarding him another 18 months so that he would have a total of 36 months of con-
structive service, as required by 14 U.S.C. § 727, instead of by adjusting his DOR as a LT
to his date of commissioning. The Board finds that the applicant’s commissioning as a
LTJG and his dates of rank, as corrected in 2001, do not constitute “treatment by the
military authorities that shocks the sense of justice.”6
Accordingly, the applicant’s request should be denied.
[ORDER AND SIGNATURES ON FOLLOWING PAGE]
5 Although LTs may technically be eligible for promotion to LCDR within 3 years under Article 5.A.4.a. of
the Personnel Manual, the Board notes that they may not be considered “in zone” for promotion for a few
more years. See Coast Guard Personnel Manual, Article 5.A.4.c.
6 Reale, at 1011.
ORDER
The application of xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, USCGR, for correction of his
military record is denied.
(recused)*
Stephen H. Barber
Adrian Sevier
*This Board member recused himself from deliberating and deciding this case because
he has worked with the applicant. Under 33 C.F.R. 52.11(b), the two remaining
members constitute a quorum of the Board.
Thomas H. Van Horn
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